CIOE 2025: Kedu ka onye na-ehicha SiC Yuanan siri ike semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ na ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ

Okwu mmalite – Semiconductors ọgbọ nke atọ: Ọganihu, Bottlenecks, na Ọrụ CIOE

2025 bụ afọ ama ama maka nrụpụta ụwa dị elu, yana Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ na-apụta dị ka ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ (NEVs), akụrụngwa 5G, na nchekwa grid. Silicon carbide (SiC) - ihe bụ isi ihe maka ngwaọrụ SiC dabeere na ike - na-eme mgbanwe a, yana ahịa mkpụrụ ụdị N-ụdị SiC zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-akụ $2 ijeri. N'agbanyeghị obere mkpọ dị oke egwu na-aga n'ihu: kemịkalụ mmiri dị elu maka nhazi SiC na-enye ihu nrụnye ihu n'ụwa niile, na-emegide n'ọchịchọ ịrị elu maka ngwọta a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, na-ekwenye ekwenye.

Mmekọrịta symbiotic nke 'ohere na ihe ịma aka' mere ka 26th China International Optoelectronic Expo (CIOE 2025) bụrụ ihe omume dị mkpa. Emere na Septemba 10th na Shenzhen, ihe ngosi 300,000㎡ nakweere ihe ngosi synergistic 'optoelectronics-semiconductor' ihe ngosi ihe ngosi abụọ, na-ezukọ ụlọ ọrụ 3,800 iji gosipụta ọganihu nke ọgbọ nke atọ Semiconductor - sitere na 8-inch modul ike nke SiC.

Dị ka onye na-eweta ngwọta nhicha ụlọ ọrụ dị elu, ndị otu Shenzhen Yuanan Chemtech gara decode akara ngosi ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe anyị hụrụ n'ụlọ ntu ndị ahịa bụ isi kwadoro: nkenke (maka mkpụrụ SiC), nkwụghachi azụ azụ (maka mmepụta na-agbanwe agbanwe), na nnabata ESG (maka ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ) bụ nke enweghị nkwekọrịta. Isiokwu a na-enyocha otú anyị SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner (ahaziri maka Semiconductors nke atọ) yana azịza ndị ọzọ dabara na ndị isi dị ka TanKeBlue, SICC, Luxshare ICT, na BYD — ka ha na-ebuga nghọta nwere ike ime maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ nrụpụta dị elu.

1. CIOE 2025 Core Client Nghọta - Mkpa, Ngwọta, na Strategic Uru

Na CIOE 2025, ihe ngosi nke ndị nrụpụta kacha ekpughere ihe mgbu doro anya na nrụpụta dị elu - ọkachasị maka Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ . N'okpuru bụ ndakpọ nke ihe ndị ha na-ebute ụzọ, ka ngwọta Yuanan si daba adaba, yana uru a na-ahụ anya enyere maka mmepụta ụwa n'ezie:

(1) TanKeBlue (Onye isi SiC) - Nchacha nke ọma maka 6 '/ 8' Wafers na Semiconductor nke atọ-Gen.

TanKeBlue, onye na-eweta ngwaahịa SiC zuru ụwa ọnụ (17.3% nke na-eduzi ahịa SiC zuru ụwa ọnụ, 2024), na-achịkwa pavilion semiconductor nwere 6-inch na 8-inch SiC epitaxial wafers (ụdị kristal 4H / 6H akara, 100-150μm ọkpụrụkpụ). Wafers ndị a bụ ntọala nke SiC-Dabere na Ngwa ike na NEV traction inverters - ihe karịrị $ 4.5 ijeri ahịa site na 2025 - yana n'etiti 2025, TanKeBlue ebubatala ngwongwo 1M + iji mee ka ụdị EV zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ihe mgbochi dị oke egwu na ahịrị mmepụta nke TanKeBlue bụ ihe na-emeziwanye ihe dị n'ọkwa 0.1μm: ọbụlagodi obere mmetọ na-ebute ntụpọ epitaxial oyi akwa nke na-ebelata mkpụrụ wafer. Anyị SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaning Agent  na-eji 99.9% arụ ọrụ mkpochapụ urughuru na nkwụsi ike, na-ewepụ ihe fọdụrụ na obere micron na-enweghị etching ma ọ bụ mebie elu wafer — na-akwalite njikwa ntụpọ SiC Wafer ozugbo. ọnụego Nke a ziri ezi bara uru karịa ka TanKeBlue na-emepụta 8-inch SiC mmepụta (na-akwado ya site na mkpokọta ikike ikike 2025 nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde 1) iji gboo mkpa ụwa: onye na-ehicha ihe anyị na-adaba na nha 6 '/ 8' na-enweghị mfu arụmọrụ, na-akwado mgbasawanye ahịa ya. Site na TanKeBlue na-emepụta mkpụrụ 75K + kwa ọnwa, ikike 50,000+ ton anyị kwa afọ (nke njikọta ngwa agha ụwa na-akwado) na-ahụ maka nnyefe achọrọ nke na-ezere nrụpụta.

(2) SICC – Ngosipụta nke 8'/12' SiC Substrates (Semiconductor Scalability nke atọ-Gen)

Ọ bụ ezie na SICC egosighi na CIOE 2025, ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite mmepụta Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ n'ụwa niile enweghị ike dochie ya. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ SiC dị elu nke edepụtara n'ihu ọha na mgbanwe ngwaahịa ngwaahịa Shanghai na Hong Kong yana onye nrụpụta mkpụrụ nke atọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa (oke 17.1% zuru ụwa ọnụ, 2024), ọ na-eduga mmepụta nke anụ ọhịa 8-inch nke SiC yana ọsụ ụzọ mmepe 12-inch - isi iji wedata ọnụahịa ngwaọrụ SiC dabere na ndị ahịa mba ụwa dị ka Infineon na Bosch.

Mgbalị SICC maka nha wafer ka ukwuu na-eweta ihe ịma aka ihicha pụrụ iche: 12-inch substrates na-adịkarị mfe imebi ncha na nrapado na-enweghị isi n'oge nhazi. Ụdị ụfụfụ dị ala dị nro nke onye na-ehicha ihe anyị na-eme ka mwepụ nke mmetọ na-eme ihe ike na ndakọrịta ihe, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka 8'/12' wafer workflows. Maka ebumnuche SICC nke iwulite ụdọ ọkọnọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, afọ 18+ nke ahụmịhe usoro nhazi pụrụ iche na-edobe anyị dị ka onye mmekọ tụkwasịrị obi nke na-ezute Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ n'ụwa niile. ụkpụrụ ogo Nkwenye nrụnye dị oke egwu: anyị na-edobe ebe nkwakọba ihe raara onwe ya nye ma na-enye nzaghachi mberede nke awa 72 maka batches omenala, na-ahụ maka inye 5-10 ton kwa ọnwa achọrọ iji mee ka ahịrị ya zuru ụwa ọnụ na-aga n'ihu.

(3) Luxshare ICT & Luxvisions Innovation – Wafer Cleaning for Third-Gen Semiconductor Ecosystems

Luxshare ICT na enyemaka ya Luxvisions Innovation gosipụtara modul ngwa anya wafer na CIOE—ihe ndị na-eme ka ọdụ ụgbọ elu 5G na sistemụ sensọ NEV, ha abụọ jikọtara ọnụ na gburugburu ebe obibi Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ . Dị ka ndị isi na-ebubata Apple na Huawei, ha na-ahazi ihe dị ka 150K+ wafers kwa ọnwa n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-enweghị nnabata maka ịdịmma ma ọ bụ nkwụsị ọkọnọ.

Ihe mmetọ ndị fọdụrụ na wafers anya bụ ihe egwu dị jụụ maka mmepụta ha: ọbụlagodi obere ihe fọdụrụ na-akpata nnyonye anya mgbaàmà na modul 5G, na-eduga n'ịrụ ọrụ dị oke ọnụ. Anyị Wafer Cleaner na-agwa nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala dị ala (≤0.5 particles/cm²) na ihicha ngwa ngwa (30s na 80℃), na-echekwa arụmọrụ modul ka ọ na-eme ngwa ngwa nhazi. Maka nkwa ha dị elu maka ụdị ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, nkwụghachi azụ azụ bụ enweghị mkparịta ụka - yana ndekọ ndekọ anyị nke afọ 2+ nke mbupu mpaghara kwụsiri ike (na enweghị nkwụsị) na-enye ntụkwasị obi ahụ. Nrube isi bụ igbe ọzọ ị ga-elele: ihe nchacha anyị bụ RoHS/REACH kwadoro nke ọma, yana akwụkwọ MSDS dị njikere maka nyocha iji mezuo ụkpụrụ ika ụwa.

(4) BYD – ESG-nsọpụrụ maka batrị NEV & gburugburu nke ọkara nke atọ nke atọ.

BYD weputara sistemu nchekwa nchekwa ike Chess Plus ya na CIOE, na-egosipụta casing batrị na-eguzogide corrosion na nlekota nchekwa AI-ntụgharị uche ya na ntụkwasị obi na nkwado maka ahịa ụwa. Ọ bụ ezie na BYD na-ejikọta ngwaọrụ SiC-Dabere na NEV ya (na-akwalite nrụpụta ike site na 15%) n'ofe ntọala mmepụta ụwa, mmekorita anyị na-akwado nrụpụta batrị ya: njikọ dị oke mkpa na yinye NEV na-enye nri na-abanye n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi Semiconductor nke atọ .

Ihe mkpocha nke shei batrị bụ ihe egwu zoro ezo na ịdịmma BYD: kemịkalụ furu efu na-ebute corrosion na-ebelata ndụ batrị. Anyị Cleaner na-ewepụ ihe egwu a site na ịrụ ọrụ efu, na-agafe ule ịgba nnu 500+ iji hụ na ọ ga-adịte aka. Ka BYD na-agbasawanye n'ahịa Europe na US EV, nrubeisi ESG abụrụla ihe ntinye chọrọ - yana nhicha anyị na-ebelata ikuku VOC site na 30% ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi ụlọ ọrụ, na-adakọ na ebumnuche nnọpụiche carbon zuru ụwa ọnụ. Maka mmepụta batrị 2M + kwa afọ NEV zuru ụwa ọnụ, scalability dịkwa mkpa: ụdị ọkọnọ anyị na-agbanwe agbanwe (gụnyere ngwugwu IBC ton barrel na ebe nnyefe mpaghara) dabara mkpa mmepụta ya ekesara.

(5) Goeroptics - Ịcha mmiri mmiri maka ngwa anya na nke atọ-Gen Semiconductor Downstream

Goeroptics gosipụtara ndị na-ekiri smart AR/VR dị fechaa (75g) na CIOE-ngwaọrụ na-adabere na ngwa anya ngwa anya (anya anya, prisms) esitere na ngwa ndị na-emebi emebi. A na-eji ngwa ndị a eme ihe maka nlekọta ụlọ ọrụ Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ na ọzụzụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ebe anya anya na-emetụta arụmọrụ arụmọrụ.

Mbelata ihe na-emebi emebi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, sapphire) na-ebute ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche: irighiri ihe na-ewuli elu, na-emebi 50° FOV site na nchapụta ihu ruo n'ọnụ dị oke mkpa maka iji AR/VR. Anyị Ịcha mmiri na-edozi nke a site na imeziwanye arụmọrụ nkesa ihe mkpofu site na 50% site na ndị na-ekesa polymer nke nwe ya, na-atụba ntụpọ ncha site na 5% ruo ihe na-erughị 0.4% na ichekwa nhazi nke ọma. Maka Goeroptics, nkenke a bụ ọnụ ahịa asọmpi n'ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ - arụmọrụ mmiri anyị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-akwado nzọrọ ya ' ihe na-enweghị ntụpọ efu. Site na ngwakọta ya dị elu, mmepụta obere olu n'ofe mpaghara, ọkọnọ na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ isi: anyị na-enye 25L na 1000L nhọrọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ọnụ ahịa dabere na olu, na-edobe ọnụ ahịa ịzụrụ obere obere n'ụwa niile.

Iji wepụta n'ụzọ doro anya isi nke ndị ahịa anyị chọrọ ngwọta Yuanan ma gosipụta uru onyinye anyị bara, anyị achịkọtala isi n'usoro n'okpuru:

Onye mmekọ	Isi Mmepụta Scenario	Ebe Mgbu Dị Mkpa	Yuanan ngwọta	Uru isi
TanKeBlue	6'/8' SiC epitaxial wafer mmepụta	Ihe 0.1μm na-akpata ntụpọ epitaxial oyi akwa	SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner	99.9% mwepu irighiri ihe, dabara na Semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ , na-emezi njikwa ntụpọ SiC Wafer
SICC	8'/12' SiC mmepụta oke	Ikpochapu & nrapanye urughuru na-ezighi ezi na nnukwu wafers	SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner	Usoro nnọpụiche nke ụfụfụ dị ala, na-akwado mbelata ọnụ ahịa ngwaọrụ SiC dabere , 5-10 tọn kwụsiri ike kwa ọnwa
Luxshare/ Luxvisions	Nhazi modul ngwa anya wafer	Ihe fọdụrụ na-akpata nnyonye anya mgbama 5G	Wafer Cleaner	≤0.5 irighiri ihe / μm², RoHS na-ekwenye ekwenye, dabara Semiconductor nke atọ n'agbụ ọkọnọ nke gburugburu
BYD	NEV na-emepụta casing batrị	Corrosion na-akpata nke fọdụrụ na ikuku VOC na-anaghị anabata ya	Ihe nhicha batrị Eco-Friendly	Ihe fọdụrụ efu na mbelata 30% VOC, na-enyere ESG aka irube isi maka nke ọgbọ nke atọ. Semiconductor
Goeroptics	Mbelata akụrụngwa ngwa anya AR/VR	Iri irighiri ihe na-emebi ihie 38°FOV	Mmiri mmiri na-egbutu nke ọma	50% arụmọrụ ndozi mkporisị, na-akwado 'ihe ndị na-enweghị ntụpọ' maka Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ. akụrụngwa

2. Yuanan's Technical Edge - Ezubere maka Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ & nrụpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ngwọta anyị na-akwado akụkụ atọ dị mkpa nke nrụpụta dị elu: ọnụ ọgụgụ, nkenke, na nkwado. Anyị na-elekwasị anya na mkpa nke Semiconductors nke ọgbọ nke atọ yana ihe achọrọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. N'okpuru bụ ndakpọ a haziri nke ike anyị:

Nka nka	Ike isi	Ngwa ebumnuche	Nhazi okwu
Ụdị SiC-kpọmkwem	Na-ewepụ ahụ 0.1μm, nkwụsi ike thermal, dakọtara na 6'/8'/12 wafers, enweghị etching	Nke atọ-Gen Semiconductor SiC mkpụrụ/epitaxy	SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner, Njikwa ntụpọ SiC Wafer
Nkwụghachi n'ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ	Ike 50,000+ ton / afọ (osisi Dongguan), ngwaahịa ngwaahịa ọnwa 3, nzaghachi omenala nke awa 72	Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọtụtụ mpaghara	Semiconductors nke ọgbọ nke atọ, nkwụsi ike n'ịnye ihe
Nkwekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ	REACH/RoHS kwadoro, 30% mpụta VOC dị ala, 80% nhazigharị usoro (mbelata mkpofu 20%)	N'ichepụta mbupụ na njedebe dị elu	ESG, Ngwaọrụ Ike dabere na SiC, kemịkalụ eletrọnịkị mmiri

3. Usoro isi sitere na CIOE 2025 - Mmetụta maka atụmatụ nhicha gị

Ihe ngosi CIOE na ọgbakọ ndị ọkachamara (nke gosipụtara PhotonDelta, NSTIC) kpughere usoro ndị ga-akpụzi mkpa nhicha nke Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ na karịa - yana ụzọ a ga-esi eme ya:

(1) 8-inch SiC enweghị nkwekọrịta - nkwalite ndị na-ehicha ihe ugbu a

Mpempe akwụkwọ SiC nke anụ ọhịa 8-inch ga-aza 20% nke mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ (atụmatụ 2025), mana ndị na-ehicha ihe na-eme ka ihe fọdụrụnụ dị elu 30% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-ehicha ihe pụrụ iche na nnukwu wafers. Action : Wepụta ndị na-ehicha ihe ụzọ na usoro ngbanwe nha (dị ka nke Yuanan) iji zere mfu ihe.

(2) Nkwụghachi nkwụnye nke agbụ a bụ iwu - Họrọ ndị na-ebunye ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ

Ndị na-ekwu okwu mba ụwa kwusiri ike na 'ịnweta yinye nkwụghachi azụ' iji belata ihe egwu geopolitical na ngwa agha. Action : Onye mmekọ ya na ndị na-ebubata ihe na-ejikọta ọkachamara Semiconductor pụrụ iche nke ọgbọ nke atọ yana ikike nnyefe zuru ụwa ọnụ (Patent 60+ Yuanan na-ekpuchi teknụzụ nhicha SiC, nke netwọọdụ ọkọnọ nke mpaghara na-akwado).

(3) ESG = Nweta Ahịa - Ndị na-ehicha ihe ga-abụrịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ

Ụdị dị ka BYD na Infineon chọrọ ugbu a ndị na-ebubata ya ka ha kọọ ọkụ ọkụ VOC zuru ụwa ọnụ. Action : Nabata ndị na-ehicha obere VOC, ndị a na-emegharịgharị (Yuanan na-ebelata VOC site na 30%) iji jide ndị ahịa bara uru.

Iji jikọọ usoro na usoro ndị a na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị nrụpụta, anyị ahazila isi ihe pụtara n'okpuru:

Usoro mmepụta ihe	Ihe ịma aka ụlọ ọrụ isi	Nkwanye omume bara uru	Yuanan Ada Ada Ngwọta
8-inch SiC na-aghọ isi ihe (15% -20% nke ikike 2025)	Ndị na-ehicha ihe niile na-enwe ntụpọ okpukpu abụọ na nnukwu wafer	Wepụta ndị na-ehicha ihe pụrụ iche nke nwere ike ime nha	SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner (6'/8'/12' dakọtara)
Nkwụghachi n'agbụ ọkọnọ dị oke mkpa	ụkọ kemịkalụ/ngbu oge nnyefe	Họrọ ndị na-eweta ngwaahịa nwere nkwa abụọ nke teknụzụ na ọkọnọ	Ikike mpaghara na ngwa ngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ, nzaghachi mberede nke awa 72
ESG = ohere ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ	Mgbapụta VOC na-akwadoghị na-egbochi ndị ahịa mba ụwa	Nabata ngwọta ihicha nke nwere obere VOC, enwere ike ịmegharị ya	Ndị na-ehicha ebe obibi enyi na enyi (mbelata 30% VOC, asambodo REACH)

Mmechi – Yuanan: Onye mmekọ zuru ụwa ọnụ gị na Ọganihu Semiconductor Ọgbọ nke Atọ

CIOE 2025 mere ka o doo anya: Semiconductors nke ọgbọ nke atọ ga-akọwa afọ iri na-esote nke nrụpụta zuru ụwa ọnụ - yana ngwọta nhicha bụ ndị dike a na-agụbeghị nke mkpụrụ, scalability, na nnabata. Shenzhen Yuanan Chemtech's A na-emezi SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner , ndị na-ehicha wafer, na ịcha mmiri iji gboo ihe ndị a zuru ụwa ọnụ, yana ndekọ ndekọ nke nkwado ndị isi dị ka TanKeBlue, SICC, na BYD n'ofe netwọkụ mmepụta ha.

Ị dịla njikere ịkwalite nhazi SiC gị, ihicha wafer ma ọ bụ ịkpụ ihe na-emebi emebi - ebe ọ bụla akụrụngwa gị dị?

→Kpọtụrụ anyị maka Yuanan Sic Cleaner MSDS & Rịọ ihe nlele efu

Ajụjụ A na-ajụkarị (FAQ)

Q1 : Kedu nha SiC wafer bụ Yuanan's SiC Substrate Micro-particle Cleaner dakọtara na?

A : Ọ na-adaba n'enweghị nsogbu na 6-inch, 8-inch, and 12-inch SiC substrates/epitaxial wafers nke a na-ejikarị na Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ. A na-emezi usoro ahụ maka njirimara elu nke wafers dị iche iche, na-eme ka mwepụ nke 99.9% wepụ ihe mgbe ị na-ezere mmebi ọkọ na nnukwu wafers. Ọ dabara nke ọma mkpa mmepụta nke ndị isi dị ka TanKeBlue na SICC.

Q2 : Ndị na-ehicha Yuanan nwere ike iru ihe achọrọ maka ngwaọrụ ike dabere na SiC?

A : N'ezie. 0.1μm-ọkwa dị na SiC wafers na-egbu maramara bụ otu n'ime ihe dị oke egwu nke ọdịda SiC Wafer Defect Control ọdịda. Yuanan's Cleaner na-eji 'usoro ihe mgbakasị elu ala dị ala + teknụzụ mwepụ nkenke adịghị ọcha' iji belata ihe fọdụrụ na ≤0.1 particle/μm², na-enyere ndị ahịa aka iwelie mkpụrụ nke epitaxial site na 5%-8%. A kwadoro ya na mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu nke TanKeBlue's 1M+.

Q3 : Enwere ike inye yinye nke Yuanan na-akwado mmepụta oke maka ụlọ ọrụ Semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ?

A : Anyị na-enye nkwa njedebe na njedebe. Ntọala Dongguan anyị nwere ikike 50,000+ ton / afọ yana ngwaahịa ngwaahịa ọnwa 3 (mmekọrịta ozugbo na Dow na BASF). Edebere ngwa ahịa agbakwunyere maka ndị ahịa bụ isi dị ka SICC, na-enye ohere mbupu awa 48 maka iwu mgbe niile yana nzaghachi elekere 72 maka usoro omenala' --ezute nke ọma nke ụlọ ọrụ semiconductor ' ' mmepụta anaghị akwụsị akwụsị.

Q4 : Ndị na-ehicha Yuanan hà na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ESG na ahịa Europe na America?

A : Ahịrị ngwaahịa niile bụ REACH na RoHS nwere asambodo abụọ, yana mpụta VOC dị ala 30% karịa nkezi ụlọ ọrụ yana 80% recyclability usoro (na-ebelata ihe mkpofu site na 20%). Anyị na-akwado BYD na Goeroptics ugbu a n'ijere ndị ahịa Europe na America ozi, ma nwee ike ịnye MSDS, mkpesa ule nnabata, na akwụkwọ nyocha ndị ọzọ na-achọ.

Q5 : Otu esi akwado ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-ehicha Yuanan dabara na usoro mmepụta m?

A : Ị nwere ike nyochaa ndakọrịta site na nyocha nke 3 nzọụkwụ: (1) Nye nkọwa wafer (nha, ụdị kristal), nhazi nhazi (post-polishing/pre-epitaxy), na ihe mgbu dị ugbu a; (2) Yuan na-ewepụta atụmatụ nnwale ahaziri; (3) Anyị na-enye ihe nlele 5L n'efu maka nkwado pere mpe (ya na ntuziaka teknụzụ na saịtị) iji hụ na njikọta enweghị nkebi na akụrụngwa na usoro gị dị.